Tropical forests in the Americas are changing too slowly to track climate change.

Understanding the capacity of forests to adapt to climate change is of pivotal importance for conservation science, yet this is still widely unknown. This knowledge gap is particularly acute in high-biodiversity tropical forests. Here, we examined how tropical forests of the Americas have shifted community trait composition in recent decades as a response to changes in climate.

Functional composition of the Amazonian tree flora and forests.

Plants cope with the environment by displaying large phenotypic variation. Two spectra of global plant form and function have been identified: a size spectrum from small to tall species with increasing stem tissue density, leaf size, and seed mass; a leaf economics spectrum reflecting slow to fast returns on investments in leaf nutrients and carbon. When species assemble to communities it is assumed that these spectra are filtered by the environment to produce community level functional composition.

Chitin and chitosan quantification in fungal cell wall via Raman spectroscopy.

Investigation of cell wall composition is necessary to understand the interactions between fungi and the environment as it is the external layer exposed to stimuli and detected by other organisms. Pochonia chlamydosporia and Akanthomyces lecanii, two fungal species living in the soil and infecting nematodes and insects, exhibit endophytic interactions with various plant species. Determination of cell wall composition is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying these interactions.

Maintenance of cell wall remodeling and vesicle production are connected in .

Pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) under various conditions. EVs produced by () have raised significant interest for their potential in cell communication, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion. However, the relevance of vesicle secretion during tuberculosis infection remains unknown due to the limited understanding of mycobacterial vesicle biogenesis.

Gold(I) Complexes with Bulky Phosphanes: A Dual Approach to Triplet Harvesting and Hydroamination Catalysis.

Two families of mononuclear gold(I) complexes featuring Au-chromophore units, with chromophores being carbazole (), phenanthrene (), or dibenzofuran (), were synthesized. The Au(I) atoms are coordinated to two phosphanes, either PMeAr (Ar = 2,6-CH-(2,6-CH-Me)) () or the bulkier PCypAr (Cyp = cyclopentyl) (). The photophysical properties of these complexes were extensively studied, with a particular focus on the effects of phosphane bulkiness and chromophore electron-donating capacity on triplet state quantum yields (Φ).