Homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia: two novel mutations in the splicing sites of apolipoprotein B gene and review of the literature.

Objective: Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is autosomal codominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by low plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) below the 5(th) percentile of the distribution in the population. Patients with the clinical diagnosis of homozygous FHBL (Ho-FHBL) are extremely rare and few patients have been characterized at the molecular level. Here we report the medical history and the molecular characterization of one paediatric patient with clinical features of Ho-FHBL.

Use of hydrolysates in the treatment of cow's milk allergy.

Background: Hydrolyzed formulas (HFs) are in general well tolerated by children with cow's milk allergy (CMA), although cases of allergic reactions have been reported and residual allergenicity of HF has been demonstrated

Objective: To review the most relevant studies of the HFs for residual allergenicity, tolerance, and safety in the past 20 years.

Data Sources And Methods: MEDLINE searches for the years 1970 to 2001 using the following algorithm (hydrolysate and allergy; food intolerance/allergy; protein hydrolysate).

Results: The literature confirmed that although some antigenicity remains, HFs are well tolerated by children with CMA.