Artifacts in chromatography: an overview.

A brief overview of the field of analytical artifacts is provided, with examples of solvent impurities, stabilizers, polymer additives, and problems relating to Teflon, glassware, and laboratory contaminants.

Solid-phase extraction of chloramphenicol with graphitized carbon black.

The sorption and desorption properties of graphitized carbon black (GCB) were evaluated for enrichment of highly polarizable chloramphenicol (CP) from biological fluids. The distribution of CP between GCB and water lay strongly toward GCB. Among the organic solvents examined, methanol gave the lowest adsorption coefficient.

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of volatile constituents in saliva.

Present methods for the development of metabolic profiles are limited to the use of headspace techniques and solvent extraction methods. A new method for the development of saliva profiles which provides information complementary to existing analyses has been developed. The results of the developed methodology provide a reliable, reproducible method for metabolic profiling.

Determination of acrylamide in nerve tissue homogenates by electron-capture gas chromatography.

Acrylamide in biological samples can be determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection after conversion to its 2,3-dibromopropionamide derivative. The derivatization is carried out in aqueous solution, plasma or tissue homogenates by ionic bromination and the reaction conditions and sample clean-up are described. The detection limit corresponds to 9.

The role of organic volatile profiles in clinical diagnosis.

The organic volatile constituents of biological fluids contain clinically useful diagnostic information for the recognition of metabolic disorders in man. To gain access to this information, it was necessary to develop the methodology for reproducibly stripping the trace concentrations of volatiles from biological fluids (dynamic headspace, gas phase-stripping, solvent extraction, and the transevaporator technique), to separate the complex extracts by high-resolution capillary column gas chromatography, and to develop computer-aided data-handling and pattern-recognition techniques for analyzing the immense amount of information generated. The normal and pathological organic volatiles identified by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry in urine, serum, and breast milk are tabulated.