Definition of particle visibility threshold in parenteral drug products - towards standardization of visual inspection operator qualification.

The detectability size threshold of visible particles (″visibility″ size) in the context of visual inspection of parenteral drug products has been an elusive target for several decades. The current common sense, also reflected in official guidelines, dictates that particles of different shapes and morphologies have different ″visibility″ size thresholds, that can range between hundreds and thousands of micrometers. This study demonstrates experimentally for the first time that it is possible to define a single, shape- and morphology- independent detectability size threshold, identical across particles of various types, provided that observation conditions and product attributes are kept constant.

Parent Explanatory Model Personalization as a Method of Reducing Risk for Poor Engagement and Outcomes in PCIT among Culturally Diverse Families.

Evidence supports the efficacy of Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) interventions such as Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for treating child behavior problems; however, treatment engagement and outcomes vary across ethnic groups. Risk for poor treatment engagement and outcomes may be attributed in part to misalignment between parent explanatory model components (PEMs) and the traditional BPT model, including treatment expectations, etiological explanations, parenting styles, and family support for treatment. The present study aims to examine whether personalized treatment adaptations addressing these PEM-BPT misalignments reduce risk for poor treatment engagement and outcomes.

Youth-Therapist and Parent-Therapist Match and Mismatch on Internalizing and Externalizing Treatment Goals as Predictors of Treatment Engagement.

Therapist-client cognitive match upon key constructs such as treatment goals is purported to be an important component of culturally competent care. For adolescent clients, treatment may involve both youths and their parents, suggesting the need to consider both youth-therapist and parent-therapist perspectives. This longitudinal study examined broadband youth-therapist and parent-therapist treatment goal matching and mismatching in relationship to treatment engagement in a culturally diverse sample of 245 outpatient mental health service-using youth.

Time-domain Brillouin scattering for evaluation of materials interface inclination: Application to photoacoustic imaging of crystal destruction upon non-hydrostatic compression.

Time-domain Brillouin scattering (TDBS) is a developing technique for imaging/evaluation of materials, currently used in material science and biology. Three-dimensional imaging and characterization of polycrystalline materials has been recently reported, demonstrating evaluation of inclined material boundaries. Here, the TDBS technique is applied to monitor the destruction of a lithium niobate single crystal upon non-hydrostatic compression in a diamond anvil cell.

Synthesis of tin(IV) nitride with spinel structure, -SnN, from the elements and its Raman-spectroscopic examination at high pressures.

We report on the synthesis of tin(IV) nitride with spinel structure, -SnN, from the elements at high pressures and temperatures using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, and on the Rietveld refinement of the product structure. The procedure described here is, in our opinion, the most reliable method of obtaining high-purity nitrides which are thermodynamically stable only at high pressures. Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the synthesis products.