[Drinks other than water for the prevention and metaphylaxis of urolithiasis].

Low hydration is a leading risk factor for the formation of any type of urinary stones. The most common recommendation for prevention of urolithiasis is to increase the fluid intake as a way to increase daily diuresis and prevent supersaturation of urine with stone-forming substances. The fluid is consumed not only with drinking and mineral water, but also with other beverages, including citrus and various fruit juices, coffee, tea, wine and beer, which contain not only a liquid, but also a chemicals, nutrients and microelements that can affect its composition and play a significant role in changing the risk of stone formation.

[What water is recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of urolithiasis?].

The literature review dedicated to a problem of using various types of water for the primary and secondary prevention of urolithiasis is presented. According to the one of the oldest hypotheses, water with different characteristics may contribute to urinary stone formation. The role of hard or soft water in the development of kidney stones is still controversial.

[Are Optimal modes of laser lithotripsy optimal?].

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended modes of laser lithotripsy in clinical practice by analyzing the necessity of changing laser radiation parameters during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), ureterolithotripsy (URS) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

Materials And Methods: a prospective non-randomized clinical study was conducted from October 2023 to December 2023. Patients who underwent surgical procedures for urinary stones using a Thulium fiber laser at the Clinic of Urology of Sechenov University were included.

[BCG-therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: overview of the current trends].

Introduction: Recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) occurs in 70% of cases, and the risk of progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer is 20%. Intravesical BCG therapy is indicated in order to increase relapse-free survival in patients with intermediate and high-risk NMIBC. We carried out a survey of Russian urologists on the use of intravesical BCG therapy in the treatment of NMIBC, and also presented the regulatory framework for the use of BCG for the treatment of bladder cancer.

[Features of the mineral composition of urinary stones depending on the region of residence, gender and age in the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan].

Introduction: Urolithiasis (UCD) is the most common and most expensive urological disease in all regions of the planet. The study of the prevalence of types of urinary stones in different areas of the country and the world plays an important role in predicting the burden on the health care system as a whole and the urological community, including in terms of calculating the probability of recurrence of the disease, even against the background of effective metaphylactic therapy.

Purpose: in connection with the above, we made an attempt to assess the prevalence of various types of urinary stones in various regions of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and the dynamics of changes in the composition of urinary stones depending on age and gender.