Anaphylaxis: Mediators, Biomarkers, and Microenvironments.

The life-threatening nature of anaphylactic reactions has increased interest in discovering new biomarkers that could improve diagnosis and prevention. However, the diverse nature of the clinical features and the etiology and pathogenesis of anaphylaxis hinder the identification of valuable molecular indicators of disease. Most studies on anaphylaxis focus on the immune system.

Pathophysiological, Cellular, and Molecular Events of the Vascular System in Anaphylaxis.

Unlabelled: Anaphylaxis is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can be life threatening. Mechanistically, it results from the immune activation and release of a variety of mediators that give rise to the signs and symptoms of this pathological event. For years, most of the research in anaphylaxis has focused on the contribution of the immune component.

Metabolic Alterations Identified in Urine, Plasma and Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Reflect Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Programmed Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Atherosclerosis is the predominant pathology associated to premature deaths due to cardiovascular disease. However, early intervention based on a personalized diagnosis of cardiovascular risk is very limited. We have previously identified metabolic alterations during atherosclerosis development in a rabbit model and in subjects suffering from an acute coronary syndrome.

Proteomic and Biological Analysis of an Human Endothelial System in Response to Drug Anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. During anaphylaxis, mediator release by effector cells causes endothelial barrier breakdown, increasing vascular permeability and leakage of fluids, which may lead to tissue edema. Although endothelial cells (ECs) are key players in this context, scant attention has been paid to the molecular analysis of the vascular system, and further analyses of this cell type are necessary, especially in humans.

In Vitro Investigation of Vascular Permeability in Endothelial Cells from Human Artery, Vein and Lung Microvessels at Steady-State and Anaphylactic Conditions.

Human anaphylactic reactions largely involve an increase in vascular permeability, which is mainly controlled by endothelial cells (ECs). Due to the acute and serious nature of human anaphylaxis, in vivo studies of blood vessels must be replaced or supplemented with in vitro models. Therefore, we used a macromolecular tracer assay (MMTA) to investigate the EC permeability of three phenotypes of human ECs: artery (HAECs), vein (HSVECs) and microvessels from lung (HMLECs).