HER2DX genomic test in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer.

Therapies targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer significantly impact patient outcomes, quality of life, and health care systems. While chemotherapy and trastuzumab improve survival in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, variability in clinical and biological characteristics leads to different response to therapies and outcomes. Clinical guidelines provide general recommendations, but significant uncertainty persists in identifying an optimal treatment plan for individual patients.

Determination of hepatitis E virus inactivation during manufacturing of spreadable pork liver sausage and salami-like raw pork sausage.

The zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. Meat from domestic pigs, which represent a major animal reservoir of HEV, plays a key role in HEV transmission. Although pork meat products can contain HEV-RNA, it is unknown whether infectious HEV is still present after their manufacturing process.

Ventral tegmental area GABA neurons integrate positive and negative valence.

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons are classically linked to Pavlovian reward learning and reinforcement. Intermingled VTA GABA neurons are positioned to regulate dopaminergic and striatal systems, but we lack critical insight into how this population contributes to conditioned motivation in different learning contexts. Recording DA and GABA neurons across multiple conditioning paradigms, we found that GABA neurons not only actively encode appetitive and aversive cues and outcomes separately, but uniquely integrate salient events of both valences to guide reward seeking.

Functional Outcomes After Decompressive Surgery in Patients with Malignant Space-Occupying Cerebellar Infarction.

: Decompressive surgery is a potentially life-saving treatment in patients with malignant space-occupying cerebellar infarction. However, there is only limited literature on functional outcomes and complications after surgery. Our aim was to establish markers which predict poor outcome.