Changes in circulating extracellular vesicle cargo are associated with cognitive decline after major surgery: an observational case-control study.

Background: Postoperative neurocognitive decline is a frequent complication triggered by unclear signalling mechanisms. This observational case-control study investigated the effects of hip or knee replacement surgery on the composition of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), potential periphery-to-brain messengers, and their association with neurocognitive outcomes.

Methods: We mapped the microRNAome and proteome of plasma-derived EVs from 12 patients (six with good and six with poor neurocognitive outcomes at 3 months after surgery) at preoperative and postoperative timepoints (4, 8, 24, and 48 h).

Estrogen deprivation and estrogen receptor α antagonism decrease DSS colitis in female mice.

The association of hormonal contraception with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) observed in females suggests involvement of ovarian hormones, such as estradiol, and the estrogen receptors in the progression of intestinal inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of prophylactic SERM2 and estradiol supplementation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis using mice with intact ovaries and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. We found that graded colitis score was threefold reduced in the OVX mice, compared to mice with intact ovaries.

Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma After Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in a Population-Based Multinational Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a decreased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and the decreasing prevalence of such infection might contribute to the increasing incidence of this tumor. We examined the hypothesis that eradication treatment of H pylori increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods: This population-based multinational cohort, entitled "Nordic Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Project (NordHePEP)," included all adults (≥18 years) receiving H pylori eradication treatment from 1995-2018 in any of the 5 Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) with follow-up throughout 2019.

Cardiotoxic and neurobehavioral effects of sucralose and acesulfame in Daphnia: Toward understanding ecological impacts of artificial sweeteners.

Artificial sweeteners are widely used in food and pharmaceuticals, but their stability and persistence raise concerns about their impact on aquatic life. Although standard toxicity tests do not reveal lethal effects, recent studies suggest a potential neurotoxic mode of action. Using environmentally relevant concentrations, we assessed the effects of sucralose and acesulfame, common sugar substitutes, on Daphnia magna focusing on biochemical (acetylcholinesterase activity; AChE), physiological (heart rate), and behavioural (swimming) endpoints.