Multidimensional assessment of exertional dyspnea in young healthy males and females who select unsatisfied inspiration at peak exercise.

Historically, it was thought that healthy humans predominantly described their breathing as a sense of increased work or effort (W/E) during maximal exercise. However, emerging data show that many healthy adults select unpleasant dyspnea descriptors such as "unsatisfied inspiration" (UI), with relatively more females selecting UI than males. We hypothesized that males and females who select UI would report higher dyspnea intensity ratings during exercise, select more distressing dyspnea qualities post exercise, and have greater inspiratory constraints than those who do not.

Sex-based differences in the blood pressure responses to muscle metaboreflex activation are consistent between limb and respiratory muscle.

The purpose of this study was to compare sex-based differences in the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) response to limb and inspiratory metaboreflex activation, during relative and absolute workloads. Healthy males ( = 9) and females ( = 8) completed pulmonary function testing, forearm volume and circumference measurements, and bouts of limb and inspiratory muscle exercise. The exercises performed included bouts of rhythmic handgrip exercise (RHG) and inspiratory pressure threshold loading (PTL) to task failure, performed in a randomized order and separated by 30 minutes of rest.

No effect of aerobic fitness on exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue in females.

We tested the hypothesis that the incidence and magnitude of diaphragm fatigue following high-intensity exercise would be lower in females with a high aerobic capacity (Hi-Fit) compared with healthy females with an average aerobic fitness (Avg-Fit). Participants were assigned to groups based on their peak O uptake (V̇o) obtained during cycle exercise: Hi-Fit = 9, V̇o ≥ 56.1 ± 3.

Mature MUC5AC Expression in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Predicts Treatment Response and Outcomes.

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has recently gained prominence. We investigated the clinical significance of mucin 5 AC (MUC5AC), which exists in two major glycoforms, a less-glycosylated immature isoform (IM) and a heavily glycosylated mature isoform (MM), as a biomarker in resected PDA. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 100 resected PDAs to evaluate the expression of the IM and MM of MUC5AC using their respective monoclonal antibodies, CLH2 (NBP2-44455) and 45M1 (ab3649).