Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of maralixibat in adults with primary sclerosing cholangitis: Open-label pilot study.

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is frequently associated with pruritus, which significantly impairs quality of life. Maralixibat is a selective ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor that lowers circulating bile acid (BA) levels and reduces pruritus in cholestatic liver diseases. This is the first proof-of-concept study of IBAT inhibition in PSC.

[Treatment progress scale for violent psychosis patients].

Objectives: The dangerousness of psychiatric patients is related to many well-documented factors in literature. To better document the course of dangerousness in most violent psychotic patients with severe and persistent diseases, we have developed a Treatment Progress Scale (TPS).

Method: The TPS was developed based on the literature research and the expertise of a multidisciplinary team.

Effect of helium-oxygen (heliox) gas mixtures on the function of four pediatric ventilators.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of helium on the function of four ventilators commonly used in pediatrics: the Bird VIP, Bird VIP Gold, Servo 300, and Servo 900C.

Design: Prospective setting.

Setting: Research laboratory at a university hospital.

Sexual aggressors' perceptions of effectiveness of strategies to cope with negative emotions and deviant sexual fantasies.

The aim of this study was to investigate sexual aggressors' perceptions of effectiveness of strategies to cope with high-risk situations and their reasons for not using the adaptive coping strategies they learned in treatment. A total of 32 sexual aggressors, incarcerated in a maximum security psychiatric institution, filled out the Coping Strategy Report daily for 2 months. A lack of will, ignorance, and an emotional disturbance were the most frequently reported reasons for not using adaptive coping strategies to deal with a negative mood, whereas anticipation of failure and emotional disturbance were most frequently reported with interpersonal conflicts.

Recruitment and derecruitment during acute respiratory failure: an experimental study.

We aimed to elucidate the relationships between pleural (Ppl), esophageal (Pes), and superimposed gravitational pressures in acute lung injury, and to understand the mechanisms of recruitment and derecruitment. In six dogs with oleic acid respiratory failure, we measured Pes and Ppl in the uppermost, middle, and most dependent lung regions. Each dog was studied at positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 and 15 cm H2O and three levels of tidal volume (VT; low, medium, and high).