Design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer for high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy.

We describe the design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer (MBES) for high-energy electron spectroscopy. Our design features a 2 m long electron drift tube and electrostatic retardation lens, achieving sub-electronvolt (eV) electron kinetic energy resolution for high energy (several hundred eV) electrons with a close to 4π collection solid angle. A segmented anode electron detector enables the simultaneous collection of photoelectron spectra in high resolution and high collection efficiency modes.

Challenges of infectious diseases in older adults: From immunosenescence and inflammaging through antibiotic resistance to management strategies.

Infectious diseases in older adults present a significant challenge to the healthcare system, marked by increased morbidity, mortality, and rising costs of care. Age-related changes (ARCs) in the immune system, including immunosenescence and inflammaging, contribute to heightened susceptibility to severe infections and reduced vaccine responsiveness. Additionally, alterations in the normal microbial flora due to aging and factors such as antibiotic therapy predispose older individuals to infections and age-related diseases.

Attosecond impulsive stimulated X-ray Raman scattering in liquid water.

We report the measurement of impulsive stimulated x-ray Raman scattering in neutral liquid water. An attosecond pulse drives the excitations of an electronic wavepacket in water molecules. The process comprises two steps: a transition to core-excited states near the oxygen atoms accompanied by transition to valence-excited states.

Attosecond delays in X-ray molecular ionization.

The photoelectric effect is not truly instantaneous but exhibits attosecond delays that can reveal complex molecular dynamics. Sub-femtosecond-duration light pulses provide the requisite tools to resolve the dynamics of photoionization. Accordingly, the past decade has produced a large volume of work on photoionization delays following single-photon absorption of an extreme ultraviolet photon.