Evaluation of the Incidence of Nocardia Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients on Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis.

Background: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the preferred prophylactic agent for pneumonia (PJP) and toxoplasmosis after solid organ transplant (SOT). Compared with other agents, it has additional activity against species.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of infection in SOT patients receiving TMP-SMX or an alternative agent for opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis.

Divergent Population Trends of Two Sympatric Auk Species in the Rapidly Warming Gulf of Maine.

Rapidly warming global temperatures are having a widespread influence on wildlife communities across taxa, with southern-edge populations often experiencing the greatest negative impacts. However, sympatric species may exhibit divergent demographic responses due to differences in life history strategies and niche separation. We used integrated population models to estimate abundance, survival, and productivity for Atlantic Puffins and Razorbills nesting at the southern edge of their breeding range in the rapidly warming Gulf of Maine.

Local adaptation to climate facilitates a global invasion.

Local adaptation may facilitate range expansion during invasions, but the mechanisms promoting destructive invasions remain unclear. Cheatgrass (), native to Eurasia and Africa, has invaded globally, with particularly severe impacts in western North America. We sequenced 307 genotypes and conducted controlled experiments.

Safety and efficacy outcomes of early cessation of anti-PD1 therapy in patients 80 years or older: A retrospective cohort study.

Older patients have similar immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy and rates of adverse events as younger patients, but appear to have decreased tolerability, particularly in the oldest patient cohort (>80 years), often leading to early cessation of therapy. We aimed to determine whether early discontinuation impacts efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in patients ≥80 years old. In this retrospective, multicenter, international cohort study, we examined 773 patients with 4 tumor types who were at least 80 years old and treated with anti-PD-1 therapy.

From mutation to management: Advancing Langerhans cell histiocytosis treatment through combination therapies.

The treatment landscape for relapsed Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is fraught with uncertainty due to a scarcity of data. Karri et al.'s study provides promising evidence that combining MAPK pathway inhibitors with chemotherapy could improve outcomes, even for patients with multiple relapses.