CAPABLE: Calgary zone usage of Additional Prescribing Authorization By pharmacists in an inpatient setting: review of the prescribing Landscape and Environment.

Background: In Alberta, Canada, pharmacists have been granted the ability to prescribe most medications independently after completing an additional authorization process. While there are data to support the use of pharmacists' prescribing in the community setting, little is known about its use in the inpatient hospital setting.

Objectives: To describe the prescribing patterns of pharmacists in an inpatient setting including the percentage of pharmacists using their prescribing authority, the care areas where prescribing occurred, and the frequency of prescribing.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus genomic variation within persistently infected cattle.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a single stranded RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae that causes a form of persistent infection. If a fetus is infected in utero during the first 120days of gestation the resulting calf will be immunotolerant to the infecting strain and maintain the virus for life. These animals are epidemiologically important in maintaining BVDV on farms, but also present a unique opportunity to study quasispecies in vivo in the absence of significant selection by the host adaptive immune response.

Evolution of Bovine viral diarrhea virus in Canada from 1997 to 2013.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a rapidly evolving, single-stranded RNA virus and a production limiting pathogen of cattle worldwide. 79 viral isolates collected between 1997 and 2013 in Canada were subjected to next-generation sequencing. Bayesian phylogenetics was used to assess the evolution of this virus.

Genetic Variability of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Evidence for a Possible Genetic Bottleneck during Vertical Transmission in Persistently Infected Cattle.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, is an economically important pathogen of cattle worldwide. The primary propagators of the virus are immunotolerant persistently infected (PI) cattle, which shed large quantities of virus throughout life. Despite the absence of an acquired immunity against BVDV in these PI cattle there are strong indications of viral variability that are of clinical and epidemiological importance.

Metadata beyond the sequence enables the phylodynamic inference of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1a isolates from Western Canada.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been recognized as an important pathogen of livestock in Canada. The high mutation rate of this virus leads to a great degree of diversity between isolates resulting in the ability to infer precise evolutionary relationships. Many studies have attempted to elucidate the regional and global evolution of BVDV, but so far few have applied Bayesian methods to this end.