Habitat sharing and interspecies interactions in caves used by bats in the Republic of Congo.

Bats play key roles in ecosystem functions and provide services to human populations. There is a need to protect bat populations and to mitigate the risks associated with pathogen spillover. Caves are key habitats for many bat species, which use them as roosting and breeding sites.

Cardiovascular risk associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus other conventional glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type-2 diabetes: protocol for a nationwide observational comparative study in routine care.

Introduction: Several cardiovascular outcome trials have been conducted to assess the cardiovascular safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) on cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). However, the strict requirements of randomised controlled trials to avoid most confounding factors are at the expense of external validity. Using national real-world data, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of GLP-1RAs in association with metformin especially on cardiovascular events, hospitalisation for heart failure and all-cause death in comparison with other diabetes treatment schemes using dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, sulfonylureas/glinides or insulin also associated with metformin.

An operational framework for wildlife health in the One Health approach.

Wildlife is an essential component of biodiversity and provides people with multiple social and economic benefits. However, a resurgence of epidemics over the past two decades has highlighted wildlife's role as a potential source of dangerous pathogens for humans and livestock, with devastating consequences worldwide. Simultaneously, numerous reports have indicated that wildlife populations are declining at an alarming rate due to human and livestock pathogens, predation, and competition.

A sympathetic paradigm shift for the role of NPY in obesity.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a powerful orexigenic factor in the brain. However, mice lacking NPY or NPY receptor Y1 (NPY1R) have minimal changes in basal food intake. In a study published in Nature, Zhu et al.