Targeting Divergent Pathways in the Nutritional Management of Depression.

The nutritional management of depression has long been discussed, due to the perceived benefit of a nutritional product having less side effects than pharmaceutical agents. Candidate nutrients for managing depression include vitamin D, B vitamins, tryptophan, branch chain amino acids, probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, folate/methylfolate (also known as vitamin B9), and s-adenosylmethionine. This paper provides a narrative review of three nutrients which have significant scientific support for the management of depression.

Observed-to-expected lung-area-to-head-circumference ratio on ultrasound examination vs total fetal lung volume on magnetic resonance imaging in prediction of survival in fetuses with left-sided diaphragmatic hernia.

Objective: To assess and compare the value of antenatally determined observed-to-expected (O/E) lung-area-to-head-circumference ratio (LHR) on ultrasound examination vs O/E total fetal lung volume (TFLV) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination to predict postnatal survival of fetuses with isolated, expectantly managed left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study including all consecutive fetuses with isolated CDH that were managed expectantly in Mannheim, Germany, and in five other European centers, that underwent at least one ultrasound examination for measurement of O/E-LHR and one MRI scan for measurement of O/E-TFLV during pregnancy. All MRI data were centralized, and lung volumes were measured by two experienced operators blinded to the pre- and postnatal data.

The molecular machinery for maturation of primary mtDNA transcripts.

Human mitochondria harbour a circular, polyploid genome (mtDNA) encoding 11 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Mitochondrial transcription produces long, polycistronic transcripts that span almost the entire length of the genome, and hence contain all three types of RNAs. The primary transcripts then undergo a number of processing and maturation steps, which constitute key regulatory points of mitochondrial gene expression.

Motor priming to enhance the effect of physical therapy in people with spinal cord injury.

Context: Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is an emerging neurorehabilitation therapy for people with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objective: The study aimed to test whether priming the sensorimotor system using BCI-controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) before physical practice is more beneficial than physical practice alone.

Methods: Ten people with subacute SCI participated in a randomized control trial where the experimental ( = 5) group underwent BCI-FES priming (∼15 min) before physical practice (30 min), while the control ( = 5) group performed physical practice (40 min) of the dominant hand.

Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion vs expectant management for fetuses with severe left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background: The treatment of fetuses with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia is challenging, but there is evidence that fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion has a benefit over expectant care. In addition, standardization and expertism have a great impact on survival and are probably crucial in centers that rely on expectant management with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after birth.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the survival and morbidity rates of fetuses with a severe isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia who underwent fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion vs expectant management in high-volume centers.