Synthesis and Advanced NMR Characterization of Ordered 3D Reticular Materials with PolySilicate Nodes and Hydrophobic OrganoSilicone Linkers.

This work describes the synthesis of ordered 3D siloxane-silsesquioxane reticular materials with silicate D4R cubes (SiO), harvested from a sacrificial tetrabutylammonium cyclosilicate hydrate (TBA-CySH) precursor, interlinked with octyl and dicyclopentyl (Cp) hydrocarbon functionalities in a one-step synthesis with organodichlorosilanes. Advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy allowed us to unravel the molecular order of the nodes and their interconnection by the silicone linkers. In the case of octyl-methyl silicone linkers, changing the silane-to-silicate ratio in the synthesis allowed for tuning the length of the linker between the nodes.

Macroscopic and histopathological alterations of foot pads of laying hens kept in small group housing systems and furnished cages.

1. Foot pad health was determined macroscopically and histologically in two trials with Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL, white layer strain) and Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens kept in a small group housing system (40 and 60 hens) and two types of furnished cages (10 and 20 hens). 2.

Effect of furnished small group housing systems and furnished cages on mortality and causes of death in two layer strains.

1. Mortality and causes of death were recorded over two trials with 13045 Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL, white layer strain) and 4410 Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens kept in furnished small group housing systems and furnished cages. In trial 1, hens were housed from weeks 19 to 71 (LSL) and 17 to 69 (LB).

Production, egg quality, bone strength, claw length, and keel bone deformities of laying hens housed in furnished cages with different group sizes.

The effects of 3 different furnished cage systems (Aviplus, Eurovent 625a, Eurovent 625A) on 2 different laying hen strains [Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL), Lohmann Brown (LB)] were examined for the traits of production, egg quality, bone strength, claw length, and keel bone status. Two trials were carried out in which all hens received identical feeding and management. In brown hens, the traits egg production per average hen housed, cracked eggs, feed conversion, egg weight, and humerus breaking strength were significantly higher than in white hens.

[Occurrence of organic diseases and parasitoses in layer strains Lohmann Selected Leghorn and Lohmann Brown kept in small group housing systems and furnished cages during the laying period].

The state of health was examined over two laying periods in a total of 648 Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and 216 Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens kept in small group housing systems and furnished cages. In addition, the effect of group size, month of laying, trial, rearing method and body weight was tested. Autopsies of clinically healthy hens were performed every three months during the laying period.