Neuroanatomical abnormalities in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: Several neuroanatomic abnormalities have been reported in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings are not always consistent, perhaps because of heterogeneous subject samples. Studying youths with documented familial ADHD provides an opportunity to examine a more homogeneous population.

Frontostriatal connectivity and its role in cognitive control in parent-child dyads with ADHD.

Objective: Many studies have linked the structure and function of frontostriatal circuitry to cognitive control deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Few studies have examined the role of white matter tracts between these structures or the extent to which white matter tract myelination and regularity correlate in family members with the disorder.

Method: Functional imaging maps from a go/nogo task were used to identify portions of the ventral prefrontal cortex and striatum involved in suppressing an inappropriate action (i.

ADHD- and medication-related brain activation effects in concordantly affected parent-child dyads with ADHD.

Background: Several studies have documented fronto-striatal dysfunction in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using response inhibition tasks. Our objective was to examine functional brain abnormalities among youths and adults with ADHD and to examine the relations between these neurobiological abnormalities and response to stimulant medication.

Method: A group of concordantly diagnosed ADHD parent-child dyads was compared to a matched sample of normal parent-child dyads.

Assessment and prevention of head motion during imaging of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The present study serves to detail the specific procedures for a mock scanner protocol, report on its use in the context of a multi-site study, and make suggestions for improving such protocols based on data acquired during study scanning. Specifically, a mock scanner compliance training protocol was used in a functional imaging study with a group of adolescents and adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a matched sample of healthy children and adults. Head motion was measured during mock and actual scanning.

Decreased fluid volume to reduce organ damage: a new approach to burn shock resuscitation? A preliminary study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of decreased fluid resuscitation on multiple-organ dysfunction after severe burns. This approach was referred to as "permissive hypovolaemia".

Methods: Two cohorts of patients with burns>20% BSA without associated injuries and admitted to ICU within 6 h from the thermal injury were compared.