Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterized by the accumulation of amyloid protein in the cerebral vasculature, is highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and, on its own, increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, cognitive impairment, and dementia. Currently, there are no effective ways to treat or prevent CAA. Ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate amounts of protein consumption, has gained considerable attention in recent years for its potential therapeutic use in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.

A Patient With Concurrent Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Porokeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris Disseminata: Case Report and Review of Autoinflammatory Keratinization Diseases.

The term autoinflammatory keratinization diseases (AIKDs) was recently proposed as a unifying concept for diseases characterized by inflammation in the epidermis and upper dermis which leads to hyperkeratosis, caused by genetic perturbations of the innate immune system. We present a case of a patient with hidradenitis suppurativa and porokeratosis, two AIKDs, followed by a review of these conditions as well as other AIKDs. This case was distinguished by hypertrophic porokeratoses involving cystic hair follicles, showing histopathologic features of both conditions within single biopsy specimens.

First-line pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and high PD-L1 expression: real-world data from a Spanish multicenter study.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab stands as a first-line option for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (PD-L1 ≥50%). Several factors such as antibiotic exposure, low body mass index (BMI), certain metastatic location or poor performance status may influence outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis in a cohort of patients with advanced high PD-L1 expression NSCLC treated with first-line pembrolizumab in clinical practice.

Empagliflozin in acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: A pre-specified analysis of the EMPACT-MI trial.

Aims: In the EMPACT-MI trial, empagliflozin reduced heart failure (HF) hospitalizations but not mortality in acute myocardial infarction (MI). Contemporary reports of clinical event rates with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in acute MI trials are sparse. The treatment effect of empagliflozin in those with and without T2DM in acute MI is unknown.

Trained Immunity Enhances Host Resistance to Infection in Aged Mice.

Aging significantly increases the incidence and severity of infections, with individuals aged 65 and above accounting for 65% of sepsis cases. Innate immune training, known as "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory", has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance infection resistance by modulating the aging immune system. We investigated the impact of β-glucan-induced trained immunity on aged mice (18-20 months old) compared to young adult mice (10-12 weeks old).