Incorporating meander to account for the impact of low winds in area source modeling; AERMOD as a case study.

A variety of sources of pollutant emissions can be represented as area sources. These include manure lagoons, landfills, wastewater treatment ponds, and highways. A group of point sources can also be treated as an area source.

Accounting for plume rise of aircraft emissions and shoreline meteorology enhances AERMOD's description of concentrations measured around Los Angeles airport.

The Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT), developed by the FAA, is used to analyze the environmental impact of airport activities on air quality and noise near airports. AEDT incorporates AERMOD to estimate concentrations resulting from aircraft emissions, which possess horizontal momentum as well as buoyancy. The current version (v23132) of AERMOD incorporates plume dynamics associated with such emissions as an ALPHA option.

Incorporating the impact of roadside barrier effects on dispersion into AERMOD.

This paper focuses on the impact of solid barriers located upwind of a highway in reducing vehicle related concentrations that occur downwind of the roadway, compared to a highway without barriers. Measurements made in the United States Environmental Protection Agency's meteorological wind tunnel show that the mitigating impact of an upwind barrier is comparable to that of a downwind barrier. Upwind barriers lead to reductions in pollution concentrations by drawing emissions in from the highway toward the barrier.

Combination and Rotational Therapy in Androgenetic Alopecia.

Management of androgenetic alopecia is a challenge because of its long course, need for continuous treatment, and potential adverse effects of the therapies. In order to enhance efficacy, minimize side effects, and ensure patient compliance, the authors propose a scheme for using combination treatments with a rotational scheme, based on current evidence for efficacy, pharmacokinetic properties, convenience of administration over long term, side effect profile, and patient acceptance.

Accounting for Area Sources in Air Pollution Models.

Area sources are important components of comprehensive air pollution models. The literature describes several approaches to modeling dispersion from such sources, but there is little consensus on an approach that can be applied to arbitrarily shaped area sources and is numerically efficient at the same time. This paper brings together ideas from previous work to propose an approach that meets these requirements.