New technique of dissection of internal mammary vessels for breast reconstruction.

Background: Although internal mammary vessels are considered the best recipients for free flap breast reconstruction, they present the notable drawback of limited accessibility. The aim of this study was to develop a minimally invasive surgical technique for the dissection of internal mammary vessels as recipients for breast reconstruction.

Methods: From 2008 to 2018, we performed 32 unilateral microsurgical breast reconstructions (mean patient age: 40.

Small refinements in breast reconstruction: a technique for inframammary fold creation.

Background: In breast reconstructive surgery, the inframammary fold (IMF) is an essential component of breast identity. The lack of the IMF following previous mastectomy requires restoration. We have developed a new IMF reconstruction technique using the posterior sheet (PS) of the expander capsule.

Tracking the startle response of guppies Poecilia reticulata in three dimensions.

A three-dimensional analysis of startle behaviours of guppies Poecilia reticulata, in dyads or alone, from two populations that show distinct differences in shoaling behaviour was performed. During the first few seconds after a startling stimulus, changes in behaviour, which could be critical if an individual is to survive a predatory attack, and the interactions between pairs of P. reticulata were examined.