Radiographic and tomographic findings of excretory urography of avian kidneys after induced nephropathy in broiler chicken as a model.

Background: Although kidney diseases have a high prevalence, initial recognition and diagnosis of renal disease are complicated in avian medicine.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the intraosseous excretory urography (IOEU) in order to introduce a new method for evaluation of kidney's function in broilers as a primary model of birds.

Methods: A total of 10 male broiler chickens at the age of 20 days were included and evaluated with plain and serial post-contrast radiography and computed tomography (CT) scan to check the time and concentration of the contrast media (CM) passage from the kidney.

Anatomical study of pericardioperitoneal canal in immature beluga (Huso huso) with ultrasonography.

Background: One of the special anatomical structures in sturgeons is the pericardioperitoneal canal (PPC), which has not been studied much. Considering that the presence and absence of this channel and its morphometry have not been investigated in this type of fish, this study was conducted.

Objective: The purpose of present study was to obtain a complete understanding about anatomical features and ultrasonography of PPC in the heart of immature beluga species in order to provide standard approaches for performing sonography and echocardiography on this sturgeon species.

Right parasternal echocardiographic reference values in the healthy male Iranian Shall sheep.

Background: Among the large animals, the heart of sheep is functionally and structurally very similar to the human heart. In research, sheep are used as an animal model to study the process of cardiac disease pathogenesis and treatment. Therefore, determining the normal values of the heart structures of sheep with echocardiography is of particular emphasis.

Positive correlation between echocardiographic tricuspid E peak velocity and central venous pressure in dogs: A preliminary study.

In the absence of vascular obstruction, central venous pressure (CVP) is a hydrostatic pressure in the cranial and caudal vena cava, providing valuable information about cardiac function and intravascular volume status. It is also a component in evaluating volume resuscitation in patients with septic shock and monitoring patients with right heart disease, pericardial disease, or volume depletion. Central venous pressure is calculated in dogs by invasive central venous catheterization, which is considered high-risk and impractical in critically ill patients.

CT anatomy and normal radiography of the skull of the Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

Background: Considering the relationship between human morphology and physiology with the Rhesus monkey, this animal is the most prominent species of laboratory primate for human and animal health research. Moreover, sending Macaca mulatta monkey into space and simulating a living environment for humans shows the similarity of this animal's physiology with humans.

Objective: So far, no comprehensive study has been done on computed tomography (CT) scan and radiography of skulls in Rhesus monkeys.