Understanding, measuring, and mitigating pain-related suffering is a key challenge for both clinical care and pain research. However, there is no consensus on what exactly the concept of pain-related suffering includes, and it is often not precisely operationalized in empirical studies. Here, we (1) systematically review the conceptualization of pain-related suffering in the existing literature, (2) develop a definition and a conceptual framework, and (3) use machine learning to cross-validate the results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report a large negative magnetoresistance in Manganese-substituted Zinc Oxide thin films. This anomalous effect was found to appear in oxygen-deficient films and to increase with the concentration of Manganese. By combining magnetoresistive measurements with magneto-photoluminescence, we demonstrate that the effect can be explained as the result of a magnetically induced transition from hopping to band conduction where the activation energy is caused by the sp-d exchange interaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The study was designed to assess the relationship between the level of plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and indices of the functional state of the liver and the level of resistin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its combination with diabetes mellitus (DM) 2 types depending on the trophological status.
Materials And Methods: It were examined 90 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus--with normal body weight and obesity, as well as 20 healthy individuals. The study was carried out using the following methods: clinical, laboratory and instrumental (including liver biopsy).