Publications by authors named "A V Winnard"
Article Synopsis
- A systematic review was conducted by the European Space Agency to evaluate how effective passive countermeasures are in reducing health issues caused by weightlessness in space, specifically focusing on the heart, lungs, and muscles.
- The review included 16 studies out of 647 screened articles and aimed to assess the effectiveness of interventions like lower body negative pressure, whole body vibration, skin surface cooling, and centrifugation on astronaut health during long-term missions.
- Results indicated that while some countermeasures showed positive effects, such as maintaining orthostatic tolerance and balance, many did not significantly improve cardiovascular fitness compared to control groups, indicating a need for more effective solutions for future space missions.
The validity of venous ultrasound (V-US) for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during spaceflight is unknown and difficult to establish in diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic management studies in this context. We performed a systematic review of the use of V-US in the upper-body venous system in spaceflight to identify microgravity-related changes and the effect of venous interventions to reverse them, and to assess appropriateness of spaceflight V-US with terrestrial standards. An appropriateness tool was developed following expert panel discussions and review of terrestrial diagnostic studies, including criteria relevant to crew experience, in-flight equipment, assessment sites, ultrasound modalities, and DVT diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhole-body vibration (WBV) and resistive vibration exercise (RVE) are utilized as countermeasures against bone loss, muscle wasting, and physical deconditioning. The safety of the interventions, in terms of the risk of inducing undesired blood clotting and venous thrombosis, is not clear. We therefore performed the present systematic review of the available scientific literature on the issue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpace agencies are preparing to send humans to the Moon (16% Earth's gravity) and Mars (38% Earth's gravity), however, there is limited evidence regarding the effects of hypogravity on the skeletal system. A novel rodent partial weight-bearing (PWB) model may provide insight into how human bone responds to hypogravity. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review investigating the effect of PWB on the structure and function of rodent bone.
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