Bigger versus smaller: Children's understanding of size comparison words becomes more precise with age.

The ability to compare plays a key role in how humans learn, but words that describe relations between objects, like comparisons, are difficult to learn. We examined how children learn size comparison words, and how their interpretations of these change across development. One-hundred-and-forty children in England (36-107 months; 68 girls; majority White) were asked to build block structures that were bigger, longer, smaller, shorter, or taller than an experimenter's.

Different outcomes of endurance and resistance exercise in skeletal muscles of Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.

Background: Exercise is widely considered to have beneficial impact on skeletal muscle aging. In addition, there are also several studies demonstrating a positive effect of exercise on muscular dystrophies. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset autosomal dominant inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the PAPBN1 gene.

Risk scores and coronary artery disease in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and intermediate cardiac troponin concentrations.

Background: Guidelines recommend the use of risk scores to select patients for further investigation after myocardial infarction has been ruled out but their utility to identify those with coronary artery disease is uncertain.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, patients with intermediate high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations (5 ng/L to sex-specific 99th percentile) in whom myocardial infarction was ruled out were enrolled and underwent coronary CT angiography (CCTA) after hospital discharge. History, ECG, Age, Risk factors, Troponin (HEART), Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain Score (EDACS), Global Registry of Acute Coronary Event (GRACE), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 and Pooled Cohort Equation risk scores were calculated and the odds ratio (OR) and diagnostic performance for obstructive coronary artery disease were determined using established thresholds.

1-Iodoglycal: A Versatile Intermediate for the Synthesis of d-Glyco Amides and Esters Employing Carbonylative Cross-Coupling Reaction.

In this study, we present the development of two catalytic processes: a Pd-PEPPSI-catalyzed aminocarbonylation and a Pd(OAc)-Xantphos-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of d-glycals, utilizing carbonylative cross-coupling reactions. We explored successfully various types of aromatic amines, as well as alkyl amines and amino acids, to synthesize new d-glycal amides. However, we observed limitations in the reactivity of alkyl and heteroaromatic amines.

The electronic frailty index and outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction.

Background: Frailty is increasingly present in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The electronic Frailty Index (eFI) is a validated method of identifying vulnerable older patients in the community from routine primary care data. Our aim was to assess the relationship between the eFI and outcomes in older patients hospitalised with acute myocardial infarction.