6-Aryl- and 6,7-diaryl-1,3-dimethyl-1-perimidin-2(3)-ones: synthesis, conformational stability, crystal structure and optical properties.

6-Bromo- and 6,7-dibromo-1,3-dimethyl-1-perimidin-2(3)-ones were arylated with arylboronic acids under Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions to afford 6-aryl-, 6-bromo-7-aryl- and 6,7-diaryl-1,3-dimethyl-1-perimidin-2(3)-ones. A comparison of the X-ray structural parameters of -diaryl derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-1-perimidin-2(3)-one, naphthalene and 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (proton sponge) was performed. Based on the data of dynamic H NMR spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations, barriers to /-isomerization of 6,7-diaryl-1,3-dimethyl-1-perimidin-2(3)-ones were estimated.

Polygenic TB control and the sequence of innate/adaptive immune responses to infection: MHC-II alleles determine the size of the S100A8/9-producing neutrophil population.

Among several quantitative trait loci involved in tuberculosis (TB) control in mice, one was mapped within the chromosome 17 segment occupied by the H2 complex and another within the chromosome 3 segment comprising the S100A8/9 genes, which encode neutrophil inflammatory factor S100A8/9. Previously, we developed a panel of H2-congenic mouse strains differing by small segments of the major histocompatibility complex Class II (MHC-II) region from TB-susceptible H2 mice transferred onto the genetic background of the TB-resistant C57BL/6 (H2) strain. Susceptible B6.

Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Vancomycin-Containing Antibacterial Polysaccharide Gels for Biocomposite Bone Implant Impregnation.

Polymeric drugs containing up to 60% by weight of the antibiotic vancomycin were synthesized based on dextran carriers activated with epichlorohydrin. Vancomycin was covalently bound, involving the primary amino group of the molecule through the hydroxypropyl radical to the C6 position of the anhydroglucose units of the dextran main chain. Covalent binding is necessary to prevent spontaneous release of the antibiotic from the gel, thereby reducing the risk of bacterial multiresistance.

Pleiotropic Effect of IL-6 Produced by B-Lymphocytes During Early Phases of Adaptive Immune Responses Against TB Infection.

The role of B cells migrating to the lung and forming follicles during tuberculosis (TB) inflammation is still the subject of debate. In addition to their antibody production and antigen-presenting functions, B cells secrete different cytokines and chemokines, thus participating in complex networks of innate and adaptive immunity. Importantly, lung B-cells produce high amounts of the pleiotropic gp130 cytokine IL-6.

Prolonged infection triggered by dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Immune and inflammatory responses in lungs of genetically susceptible and resistant mice.

We developed an approach for substantial attenuation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by prolonged culturing under gradually acidifying conditions. Bacteria subjected to acidification lost the capacity to form colonies on solid media, but readily resuscitated their growth in the murine host, providing a useful model to study in vivo development of infection mimicking latent and reactivation tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Here we characterize biomarkers of lung pathology and immune responses triggered by such attenuated bacteria in genetically TB-susceptible and resistant mice.