β-Glucan "Trained Immunity" Immunomodulatory Properties Potentiate Tissue Wound Management and Accelerate Fitness Recover.

Introduction: It is well established that moderate physical activity can improve the immune status, rather excess or high-intensity physical exercise can cause damage to the immune system. In addition, muscle injuries resulting from increased frequency and intensity of exercises compromise innate immune activity and may decrease tissue regeneration. Thus, β-glucans, a natural compound, may represent an important substance with strong immunomodulatory properties acting as an immunostimulant therapy known as "trained immunity".

Coenzyme Q10 for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Useful or Useless?

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become some of the most urgent and prevalent health problems in recent decades, side by side with the growing obesity crisis. The close relationship between T2DM and CVD has become clear: endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from hyperglycaemia are the key factors in the development of vascular complications of T2DM, leading to CVD. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a great candidate for the treatment of these diseases, acting precisely at the intersection between T2DM and CVD that is oxidative stress, due to its strong antioxidant activity and fundamental physiological role in mitochondrial bioenergetics.

[Patellofemoral arthroplasty--results of a nation-wide survey in Germany and review of the literature].

Background: Isolated patellofemoral arthroplasty is discussed controversially. The aim of this nation-wide survey in Germany and review of the literature was to determine the current status of patellofemoral arthroplasty.

Methods: A standardised questionnaire was sent to 744 German departments of orthopaedic surgery, traumatology and general surgery.