The Autophagy-Initiating Kinase ULK1 Controls RIPK1-Mediated Cell Death.

Autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis are stress responses governing the ultimate fate of a cell. However, the crosstalk between these cellular stress responses is not entirely understood. Especially, it is not clear whether the autophagy-initiating kinase ULK1 and the cell-death-regulating kinase RIPK1 are involved in this potential crosstalk.

The membrane proteome of sensory cilia to the depth of olfactory receptors.

In the nasal cavity, the nonmotile cilium of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) constitutes the chemosensory interface between the ambient environment and the brain. The unique sensory organelle facilitates odor detection for which it includes all necessary components of initial and downstream olfactory signal transduction. In addition to its function in olfaction, a more universal role in modulating different signaling pathways is implicated, for example, in neurogenesis, apoptosis, and neural regeneration.

Tmem16b is specifically expressed in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons.

Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are involved in many physiological processes, including sensory signal transduction, but only little is known to date about their structure and function. We performed a proteome analysis of the olfactory epithelium (OE) membrane proteome and identified so far uncharacterized membrane proteins as candidate channels. One of the most abundant membrane proteins in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) was Tmem16b, a member of a recently identified family of CaCCs.

Right ventricular volume: cine vs CT measurements.

The volumes of 15 human right ventricular cast specimens were analyzed by computed tomography (CT) and compared with reference volumes and the values obtained by cineradiography. CT volumes were more accurate than those determined by cineradiography. The mean deviation between CT and reference volumes was 3.

Visualization of the entire surface of a protein by cartographic projection.

A minicomputer based system for the determination and schematic representation of protein surfaces is described. The algorithms are based on the atomic coordinates of globular protein molecules of the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank. Using a cartographic projection a normalized graphic representation is obtained of the amino acid residues located on the surface of the considered protein.