Application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation during immobilization of extremities for musculoskeletal conditions: A scoping review.

Background: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is effective at improving recovery after periods of disuse. It is unclear if NMES can be applied during periods of immobilization for musculoskeletal conditions to mitigate resulting impairments from disuse. The aim of this scoping review is to describe the state of the literature applying NMES during immobilization to treat upper and lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions.

Tremor Suppression Using Functional Electrical Stimulation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor are two major causes of pathological tremor among people over 60 years old. Due to the side effects and complications of traditional tremor management methods such as medication and deep brain surgery, non invasive tremor suppression methods have become more popular in recent years. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is one of the methods used to reduce tremor in several studies.

Bright New Resources for Syphilis Research: Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Tags for Treponema pallidum and Sf1Ep Cells.

The recently discovered methodologies to cultivate and genetically manipulate Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum) have significantly helped syphilis research, allowing the in vitro evaluation of antibiotic efficacy, performance of controlled studies to assess differential treponemal gene expression, and generation of loss-of-function mutants to evaluate the contribution of specific genetic loci to T.

Bright New Resources for Syphilis Research: Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Tags for and Sf1Ep Cells.

Unlabelled: The recently discovered methodologies to cultivate and genetically manipulate subsp. ( ) have significantly helped syphilis research, allowing the evaluation of antibiotic efficacy, performance of controlled studies to assess differential treponemal gene expression, and generation of loss-of-function mutants to evaluate the contribution of specific genetic loci to virulence. Building on this progress, we engineered the SS14 strain to express a red-shifted Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and Sf1Ep cells to express mCherry and blue fluorescent protein (BFP) for enhanced visualization.

Leveraging Space-Flown Technologies to Deliver Healthcare with Holographic Physical Examinations.

Musculoskeletal injuries are one of the more common injuries in spaceflight. Physical assessment of an injury is essential for diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, when musculoskeletal injuries occur in space, the flight surgeon is limited to two-dimensional videoconferencing and, potentially, observations made by the crew medical officer.