RETROGRADE INTRARENAL LITHOTRIPSY USING DISPOSABLE FLEXIBLE URETEROSCOPE.

This research aims to characterize efficiency of a flexible ureteroscope that is of single use with regard to surgical time, absence of stone, and complications. From March 2022 to April 2023, the Basrah Urological Centre carried out this anticipated work. After excluding patients with untreated urinary tract infections, excessive blood urea, and ureteral strictures, the study involved ninety-eight patients.

CHANGES IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19.

COVID-19 is a global, highly contagious, predominantly respiratory viral illness caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Although COVID-19 is mainly a respiratory disease, it can affect other organ systems causing a lot of extrapulmonary manifestations and multiple organ dysfunctions. The aim of the study is to discover if COVID-19 affects male reproductive hormones (testosterone and luteinizing hormone) or not, and whether this effect (if present) is negatively associated with the severity of the disease.