Ketogenic diet therapy for the treatment of pediatric epilepsy.

In 1921, the classic ketogenic diet was created at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota to treat epilepsy in children and adults. Over a century later, it is a widely used, standard-of-care therapy for typically treatment-resistant epilepsy worldwide. There are currently five versions of ketogenic diet therapy that can be started either in or out of the hospital setting.

Approaching Angstrom-Scale Resolution in Lithography Using Low-Molecular-Mass Resists (<500 Da).

Resists that enable high-throughput and high-resolution patterning are essential in driving the semiconductor technology forward. The ultimate patterning performance of a resist in lithography is limited because of the trade-off between resolution, line-width roughness, and sensitivity; improving one or two of these parameters typically leads to a loss in the third. As the patterned feature sizes approach angstrom scale, the trade-off between these three metrics becomes increasingly hard to resolve and calls for a fundamental rethinking of the resist chemistry.

Airborne metal nanoparticles released by azides detonation: determination and potential public exposure.

Metal azides are highly energetic materials that release a large amount of gas upon detonation. They also release metal particles, generating an aerosol. The most common azide is sodium azide (NaN), which is used nowadays in car airbags.

Cathode Catalyst Layer Design in PEM Water Electrolysis toward Reduced Pt Loading and Hydrogen Crossover.

Reducing the use of platinum group metals is crucial for the large-scale deployment of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis systems. The optimization of the cathode catalyst layer and decrease of the cathode Pt loading are usually overlooked due to the predominant focus of research on the anode. However, given the close relationship between the rate of hydrogen permeation through the membrane in an operating cell and the local hydrogen concentration near the membrane-cathode interface, the structural design of the cathode catalyst layer is considered to be of pivotal importance for reducing H crossover, particularly in combination with the use of thin (≲50 μm) membranes.