The MKK3 module integrates nitrate and light signals to modulate secondary dormancy in .

Seed dormancy corresponds to a reversible blockage of germination. Primary dormancy is established during seed maturation, while secondary dormancy is set up on the dispersed seed, following an exposure to unfavorable factors. Both dormancies are relieved in response to environmental factors, such as light, nitrate, and coldness.

Effect of controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa on motor performance in advanced Parkinson's disease.

Twenty parkinsonian patients were treated with controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet CR). All were affected by therapeutic response fluctuations related to the timing of drug administration. The daily dosage after 1 year, 766 mg +/- 250 mg, was increased by 23% compared with standard Sinemet dosage, without additional secondary effects.