Real options analysis for valuation of climate adaptation pathways with application to transit infrastructure.

Climate change and sea-level rise (SLR) are expected to increase the frequency and intensity of coastal flood events, posing risks to coastal communities and infrastructure. While regional climate adaptation investments can provide substantive flood protection, existing plans often neglect uncertainty in future climate conditions and adaptation performance, consequently neglecting the option value of flexibly implementing proposed projects. Addressing this gap, we develop and employ a generalizable real options analysis (ROA) valuation framework that considers how uncertainty in adaptation project costs, SLR, flood severity, and flood losses inform the full range of adaptation performance outcomes.

Profiling mouse brown and white adipocytes to identify metabolically relevant small ORFs and functional microproteins.

Microproteins (MPs) are a potentially rich source of uncharacterized metabolic regulators. Here, we use ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) to curate 3,877 unannotated MP-encoding small ORFs (smORFs) in primary brown, white, and beige mouse adipocytes. Of these, we validated 85 MPs by proteomics, including 33 circulating MPs in mouse plasma.

Potential of Mean Force for Face-Face Interactions between Pairs of 2:1 Clay Mineral Platelets.

Bottom-up modeling of clay behavior from the molecular scale requires a detailed understanding of the free energy between pairs of clay platelets. We investigate the potential of mean force (PMF) for hydrated clays in face-to-face interactions with free energy perturbation (FEP) methods through molecular dynamics simulations using simple overlap sampling (SOS). We show that PMF results for open systems with one finite in-plane dimension are affected by migration of counterions from within the interlayer space compared with fully confined closed system conditions.