Systemic glucocorticoid exposure and postoperative infection risk in 143,782 appendectomy patients-a Danish longitudinal nationwide study.

Background: Glucocorticoids are conventionally associated with increased postoperative infection risk. It is necessary to clarify if preoperative glucocorticoid exposure is associated with postoperative infection in appendectomy patients and if the association is different for open and laparoscopic appendectomies.

Methods: A Danish nationwide study of appendectomy patients between 1996 and 2018.

Self-reported and genetically predicted coffee consumption and smoking in dementia: A Mendelian randomization study.

Background And Aims: Studies of self-reported coffee consumption and smoking on risk of dementia have shown results conflicting with two-sample Mendelian randomization studies. We tested the hypotheses that coffee consumption and smoking influence risk of dementia using observational and one-sample Mendelian randomization designs with individual level data.

Methods: We included 114,551 individuals from two Danish general population cohorts (median age 58 years).

Causal relationship from coffee consumption to diseases and mortality: a review of observational and Mendelian randomization studies including cardiometabolic diseases, cancer, gallstones and other diseases.

Purpose: High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of mortality and morbidity, but the causality remains unclear. This review aims to discuss findings from observational studies on coffee consumption in context of Mendelian randomization studies.

Methods: The PubMed database was searched for all Mendelian randomization studies on coffee consumption and corresponding observational studies.

The Obesity Paradox in Elderly Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: Obesity has long been considered a risk factor for postoperative adverse events in surgery. We sought to study the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical outcomes of the high-risk emergency general surgery (EGS) elderly patients.

Methods: All EGS ≥65 years old patients in the 2007-2016 ACS-NSQIP database, identified using the variables 'emergency' and 'surgspec,' were included.

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is a powerful predictor of adverse outcome in the elderly emergency surgery patient.

Background: The degree to which malnutrition impacts perioperative outcomes in the elderly emergency surgery (ES) patient remains unknown. We aimed to study the relationship between malnutrition, as measured by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing ES.

Methods: Using the 2007 to 2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, all patients 65 years or older undergoing ES were included in our study.