Water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions can reduce child antibiotic use: evidence from Bangladesh and Kenya.

Antibiotics can trigger antimicrobial resistance and microbiome alterations. Reducing pathogen exposure and undernutrition can reduce infections and antibiotic use. We assess effects of water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and nutrition interventions on caregiver-reported antibiotic use in Bangladesh and Kenya, longitudinally measured at three timepoints among birth cohorts (ages 3-28 months) in a cluster-randomized trial.

Structural basis for catalysis and selectivity of phospholipid synthesis by eukaryotic choline-phosphotransferase.

Phospholipids are the most abundant component in lipid membranes and are essential for the structural and functional integrity of the cell. In eukaryotic cells, phospholipids are primarily synthesized de novo through the Kennedy pathway that involves multiple enzymatic processes. The terminal reaction is mediated by a group of cytidine-5'-diphosphate (CDP)-choline /CDP-ethanolamine-phosphotransferases (CPT/EPT) that use 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and CDP-choline or CDP-ethanolamine to produce phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) that are the main phospholipids in eukaryotic cells.

Intrafraction Patient Positional Uncertainty in Lung Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy with Abdominal Compression.

Purpose: Motion management presents a significant challenge in thoracic stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). Currently, a 5.0 mm standard planning target volume (PTV) margin is widely used to ensure adequate dose to the tumor.

Five-year evaluation of linear accelerator-based SRS platform isocentricity.

Linear accelerator (LINAC)-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become a mainstay in the management of intracranial tumors. However, the high fractional doses and sharp gradients used in SRS place heavy demands on geometric accuracy. Image guidance systems such as ExacTrac (ETX, Brainlab AG, Munich, Germany) have been developed to facilitate position verification at nonzero table angles.