Utilizing the Ellik bladder evacuator during cystoscopic retrieval of urocystoliths in 12 dogs.

Background: Urocystolithiasis is a common problem in dogs; many canine uroliths are resistant to medical dissolution. Novel management options would expand, and in some cases improve, current urolith retrieval strategies.

Hypothesis/objectives: To describe a previously unreported technique by the Ellik bladder evacuator (EE) to assist in minimally invasive, cystoscopic retrieval of canine cystoliths.

Subclinical bacteriuria is nonprogressive but persistent in dogs four years of age or older recruited from a small animal primary care setting.

Objective: To evaluate clinical and microbial outcomes in dogs with untreated subclinical bacteriuria (SB) through longitudinal follow-up.

Methods: Between February 24, 2022, and July 7, 2023, healthy client-owned dogs ≥ 4 years old with no evidence of lower urinary tract signs (LUTS) were recruited for a longitudinal, prospective study. Phase 1 dogs with SB were followed for 28 days to document comorbidities and microbiological findings (ie, urinalysis, urine culture, and fimH gene in Escherichia coli isolates).

N-substituted-4-(pyridin-4-ylalkyl)piperazine-1-carboxamides and related compounds as Leishmania CYP51 and CYP5122A1 inhibitors.

CYP5122A1, an enzyme involved in sterol biosynthesis in Leishmania, was recently characterized as a sterol C4-methyl oxidase. Screening of a library of compounds against CYP5122A1 and CYP51 from Leishmania resulted in the identification of two structurally related classes of inhibitors of these enzymes. Analogs of screening hit N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide (4a) were generally strong inhibitors of CYP51 but were less potent against CYP5122A1 and typically displayed weak inhibition of L.

Mapping agricultural tile drainage in the US Midwest using explainable random forest machine learning and satellite imagery.

There has been an increase in tile drained area across the US Midwest and other regions worldwide due to agricultural expansion, intensification, and climate variability. Despite this growth, spatially explicit tile drainage maps remain scarce, which limits the accuracy of hydrologic modeling and implementation of nutrient reduction strategies. Here, we developed a machine-learning model to provide a Spatially Explicit Estimate of Tile Drainage (SEETileDrain) across the US Midwest in 2017 at a 30-m resolution.

VARP binds SNX27 to promote endosomal supercomplex formation on membranes.

Multiple essential membrane trafficking pathways converge at endosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis by sorting critical transmembrane cargo proteins to the plasma membrane or the -Golgi network (TGN). The Retromer heterotrimer (VPS26/VPS35/VPS29 subunits) binds multiple sorting nexin (SNX) proteins on endosomal membranes, but molecular mechanisms regarding formation and regulation of metazoan SNX/Retromer complexes have been elusive. Here, we combine biochemical and biophysical approaches with AlphaFold2 Multimer modeling to identify a direct interaction between the VARP N-terminus and SNX27 PDZ domain.