Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy system for observation of water molecules in anion exchange membrane.

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) provide one of the most feasible remedies to fuel cells' dependency on the dwindling Pt group catalysts. Nevertheless, AEMFCs still suffer reduced durability, which requires an in-depth understanding of their membranes. The low thermal endurance of the anion exchange membranes (AEMs) usually limits the direct application of powerful techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy.

Entangled photon generation in two-period quasi-phase-matched parametric down-conversion.

We proposed and demonstrated a simple but deterministic scheme for generating polarization-entangled photon pairs at telecommunication wavelengths with type-II quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion (QPM-SPDC) having two poling periods. We fabricated a LiNbO3 crystal having two poling periods so as to generate entangled photons at two wavelengths, i.e.

Diffraction-grating-type phase converters for conversion of Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian mode into Gaussian mode.

Diffraction gratings that can be used to convert the Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian (HLG) mode into the Gaussian mode were obtained; these modes are space modes of light beams. The HLG mode is intermediate between the Hermite-Gaussian and the Laguerre-Gaussian modes. Generally, gratings produced from interfering two beams as holograms contain information of not only the phase modulation factor but also the amplitude modulation factor.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan.

We evaluated the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the association of H. pylori infection and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) ulcers in a cohort of Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using the clinical database of the cohort of RA patients and the serum titers of H.

Interchange of the quantum states of confined excitons caused by radiative corrections in CuCl films.

The energy states of a particle confined in a narrow space are discrete and lined up in the order of n=1,2,3,...