The quadrupedal walking gait of the olive baboon, Papio anubis: an exploratory study integrating kinematics and EMG.

Primates exhibit unusual quadrupedal features (e.g. diagonal gaits, compliant walk) compared with other quadrupedal mammals.

A single session of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the affected primary motor cortex does not alter gait parameters in chronic stroke survivors.

Objectives: The excitability of some neural circuits involved in walking and affected in individuals with chronic stroke can be modulated during and/or immediately after anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS). This study was designed to investigate the effects of a-tDCS during and immediately after application on leg muscle activity during gait, and on spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters in patients with chronic stroke.

Methods: This study was randomized, sham-controlled and double-blinded with a cross-over design and included 24 individuals with chronic stroke.

Minimal detectable change of kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters in patients with chronic stroke across three sessions of gait analysis.

Three-dimensional gait analysis is the gold standard for gait-assessment in patients with stroke. This technique is commonly used to assess the effect of treatment on gait parameters. In clinical practice, three gait analyses are usually carried out (baseline, after treatment and follow-up), the objectives were to define the reproducibility and the Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) for gait parameters in stance and swing measured using 3D-gait analysis, and to assess changes in MDC across three repeated 3D-gait analyses.

Effect of botulinum toxin injection on length and force of the rectus femoris and triceps surae muscles during locomotion in patients with chronic hemiparesis (FOLOTOX).

Background: After stroke, spasticity of the rectus femoris (RF) and triceps surae (TS) muscles frequently alters the gait pattern. Knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion in swing are often reduced, respectively called Stiff Knee Gait (SKG) and equinus. A preliminary uncontrolled study suggested that botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections could improve muscle length and force generated during gait, improving inter-segmental coordination.