Reinforcement learning as a robotics-inspired framework for insect navigation: from spatial representations to neural implementation.

Bees are among the master navigators of the insect world. Despite impressive advances in robot navigation research, the performance of these insects is still unrivaled by any artificial system in terms of training efficiency and generalization capabilities, particularly considering the limited computational capacity. On the other hand, computational principles underlying these extraordinary feats are still only partially understood.

Internal world models in humans, animals, and AI.

How do brains-biological or artificial-respond and adapt to an ever-changing environment? In a recent meeting, experts from various fields of neuroscience and artificial intelligence met to discuss internal world models in brains and machines, arguing for an interdisciplinary approach to gain deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms.

Peer Instruction as an Alternative Active Learning Pedagogy Across the Pharmacy Curriculum.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if peer instruction (PI) is a useful active learning pedagogy to increase correct responses to pharmacotherapy concepts throughout didactic education in a Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum.

Methods: Peer instruction was implemented into 3 pharmacy practice courses spanning 3 years of didactic pharmacy education at Cedarville University: Introduction to Self-Care (PHAR 6112) in the first professional year, Respiratory Module (PHAR 6261) in the second professional year, and Special Populations Module (PHAR 7343) in the third professional year. ConcepTests, which are multiple-choice questions written to help students apply previous knowledge to new scenarios, were re-polled based on a PI algorithm after peer discussion.