Defining the water flow cues for navigation in migrating Atlantic salmon smolts.

For migratory species, successful navigation is critical to fitness. In Atlantic salmon, for example, there is evidence that during migration from natal streams to the sea, passage through waters with poorly defined or mixed water velocity patterns may constrain directional navigation, causing individuals to become trapped or delayed in lakes or other bodies with slowly flowing water. In this study, we determined the minimum water velocities needed to elicit a behavioural response, in this case a change in the direction of holding position, in both wild origin and domesticated salmon smolts.

Antimicrobial activity of ear cleanser products against biofilm and planktonic phases of Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from canine skin and ear infections.

Background: Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp., including multidrug resistant staphylococci are frequent isolates from canine otitis externa and atopic dermatitis.

CD8 Regulatory T Cells Induced by Peptide Vaccination Ameliorates Experimental Model of Membranous Nephropathy.

Aim: CD8 regulatory T cells (Tregs) are cross-protective across multiple animal models of autoimmunity. Recently, specific peptides from a yeast-peptide-major histocompatibility complex library that expanded CD8 Tregs in murine experimental multiple sclerosis were reported. Whether these peptides also expand CD8 Tregs and protect against Heymann nephritis (HN), an experimental model of membranous nephropathy is unknown.

Optimised solution-phase synthesis of nanoMIPs for protein detection in electrochemical diagnostics.

NanoMIPs are nanoscale molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) ranging in size between 30 to 300 nm offering a high affinity binding reagent as an alternative to antibodies. They are being extensively researched for applications in biological extraction, disease diagnostics and biosensors. Various methodologies for nanoMIP production have been reported demonstrating variable timescales required, sustainability, ease of synthesis and final yields.

Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Trauma: A Practical Review.

Background: Orthopedic trauma patients are at high risk for venous thromboembolic (VTE) complications. Despite this, VTE prophylaxis is often held peri-operatively out of concern for increased bleeding and associated complications. This review's purpose is to examine guidelines and studies on withholding prophylactic anticoagulation peri-operatively.