Developing, validating, and piloting a MultiTeachViews questionnaire on L1 and translation use: Attitudes of Kazakhstani secondary school EFL teachers.

This study developed, validated, and piloted a MultiTeachViews questionnaire to investigate secondary school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' attitudes towards multilingual teaching practices such as L1 and translation use. Initially, a literature review and focus group interview with six in-service EFL teachers were conducted to capture prevailing attitudes and inform content areas for the questionnaire. Items were then crafted, followed by the adoption of a 5-point Likert scale.

MicroRNA Signatures in Cartilage Ageing and Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disorder. MicroRNAs are gene expression regulators that act post-transcriptionally to control tissue homeostasis. Microarray analysis was undertaken in osteoarthritic intact, lesioned and young intact cartilage.

Unravelling the Basic Calcium Phosphate crystal-dependent chondrocyte protein secretome; a role for TGF-β signaling.

Objective: Basic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) crystals play an active role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the cellular consequences remain largely unknown. Therefore, we characterized for the first time the changes in the protein secretome of human OA articular chondrocytes as a result of BCP stimulation using two unbiased proteomic analysis methods.

Analysis of RNA Polyadenylation in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Human Articular Cartilage.

Polyadenylation (polyA) defines the 3' boundary of a transcript's genetic information. Its position can vary and alternative polyadenylation (APA) transcripts can exist for a gene. This causes variance in 3' regulatory domains and can affect coding sequence if intronic events occur.