Risk of Coccidioidomycosis Infection Among Individuals Using Biologic Response Modifiers, Corticosteroids, and Oral Small Molecules.

Objective: The study objective was to examine associations between the use of biologic response modifiers (BRMs), corticosteroids, and oral small molecules (OSMs) and subsequent coccidioidomycosis infection risk among US Medicare beneficiaries with rheumatic or autoimmune diseases.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used US 2011 to 2016 Medicare claims data. We identified geographic areas with endemic coccidioidomycosis (≥25 cases per 10,000 beneficiaries).

Trends and social aspects in the management and conversion of agricultural residues into valuable resources: A comprehensive approach to counter environmental degradation, food security, and climate change.

The circular economy is essential as it encourages the reuse and recycling of resources while reducing waste, which ultimately helps to reduce environmental pollution and boosts economic efficiency. The current review highlights the management of agricultural and livestock residues and their conversion into valuable resources to combat environmental degradation and improve social well-being. The current trends in converting agricultural residues into useful resources emphasize the social benefits of waste management and conversion.