The Risk of Pneumothorax With Intrapleural Urokinase in Children With Parapneumonic Effusion.

Aim: Fibrinolytic therapy is commonly used in children with parapneumonic effusion, to facilitate drainage of the effusions and recovery. However, data regarding complications of this treatment in children are limited. We aimed to determine the incidence of pneumothorax (PNX) associated with intrapleural urokinase.

Comparison of Physiological Stress Indices in Anesthetized and Manually Restrained Leopard Sharks, .

Background: Leopard sharks () are abundant, coastal, eastern Pacific, mesopredatory sharks and are frequently managed in aquariums and zoos. Medical examinations are a routine part of good husbandry practices, but the handling protocols vary greatly between facilities. In this study, we compared the physiological stress responses of associated with manual restraint and sedated handling under parallel holding and handling procedures in a 10 min interval.

Endogenous Bornavirus-like Elements in Bats: Evolutionary Insights from the Conserved Riboviral L-Gene in Microbats and Its Antisense Transcription in .

Bats are ecologically diverse vertebrates characterized by their ability to host a wide range of viruses without apparent illness and the presence of numerous endogenous viral elements (EVEs). EVEs are well preserved, expressed, and may affect host biology and immunity, but their role in bat immune system evolution remains unclear. Among EVEs, endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) are bornavirus sequences integrated into animal genomes.

Integrated organismal responses induced by projected levels of CO and temperature exposures in the early life stages of lake sturgeon.

Atmospheric CO and temperature are rising concurrently, and may have profound impacts on the transcriptional, physiological and behavioural responses of aquatic organisms. Further, spring snowmelt may cause transient increases of pCO in many freshwater systems. We examined the behavioural, physiological and transcriptomic responses of an ancient fish, the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) to projected levels of warming and pCO during its most vulnerable period of life, the first year.

Hormonal effects on glucose and ketone metabolism in a perfused liver of an elasmobranch, the North Pacific spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi.

Hormonal influence on hepatic function is a critical aspect of whole-body energy balance in vertebrates. Catecholamines and corticosteroids both influence hepatic energy balance via metabolite mobilization through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Elasmobranchs have a metabolic organization that appears to prioritize the mobilization of hepatic lipid as ketone bodies (e.