Core Professionalism Education in Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Background: Professionalism education is one of the major elements of surgical residency education.

Aims: To evaluate the studies on core professionalism education programs in surgical professionalism education.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Intestinal perforation caused by multiple magnet ingestion.

Multiple magnet ingestion is rare, but can cause serious gastrointestinal complications. We report a case of 7-year-old girl with multiple intestinal perforations caused by multiple magnet ingestion. The aim of this report is to draw attention to magnetic toys, results of magnet ingestion and the importance of timing of operation.

Knowledge, attitude and behaviour of boys and parents about circumcision.

Aim: To determine the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of parents and previously circumcised early adolescent boys about circumcision.

Methods: Half of the boys attending the sixth class of the primary school in our city centre and their parents were included in this cross-sectional, descriptive study. Questionnaires were prepared by the authors, which include 38 questions for parents and 25 questions for boys.

The effect of vitamin D on expression of TGF β1 in ovary.

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is thought to have important roles in several stages of folliculogenesis. Vitamin D is effective in cell proliferation, differentition and on estrogen biosynthesis. The aim of the present study was to determine the respective role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on expression of TGF-β1 in developing rat ovaries.