Metabolic Crossroad Between Macrophages and Cancer Cells: Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The metabolic interplay between macrophages and cancer cells mirrors the plasticity of both kinds of cells, which adapt to the microenvironment by sustaining cell growth and proliferation. In this way, cancer cells induce macrophage polarization, and, on the other hand, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to the survival of cancer cells. In a simplified manner, macrophages can assume two opposite subtypes: M1, pro-inflammatory and anti-tumor phenotype, and M2, anti-inflammatory and protumor phenotype.

Transcriptional Regulation and Function of Malic Enzyme 1 in Human Macrophage Activation.

Macrophages represent primary players of the innate immune system. Macrophage activation triggers several signaling pathways and is tightly associated with metabolic changes, which drive different immune subsets. Recent studies unveil the role of various metabolic enzymes in macrophage activation.

Brain Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target for Carnosic Acid.

Carnosic acid (CA), a diterpene obtained mainly from and , exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in mammalian cells. At least in part, those benefits are associated with the ability that CA modulates mitochondrial physiology. CA attenuated bioenergetics collapse and redox impairments in the mitochondria obtained from brain cells exposed to several toxicants in both and experimental models.

Effects of Extracts of Two Selected Strains of on Adipocyte Function.

Recently, microalgae are arousing considerable interest as a source of countless molecules with potential impacts in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields. , also named is the largest producer of astaxanthin, a carotenoid exhibiting powerful health effects, including anti-lipogenic and anti-diabetic activities. This study was carried out to investigate the properties of two selected strains of (FBR1 and FBR2) on lipid metabolism, lipolysis and adipogenesis using an in vitro obesity model.

ACLY as a modulator of liver cell functions and its role in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis.

Background: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), now better known as Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and its progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), more recently referred to as Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) are the most common causes of liver failure and chronic liver damage. The new names emphasize the metabolic involvement both in relation to liver function and pathological features with extrahepatic manifestations. This study aims to explore the role of the immunometabolic enzyme ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), with a critical function in lipogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, gene expression and inflammation.