Crocin and gallic acid attenuate ethanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via suppression of ROS formation and inhibition of mitochondrial swelling in pancreatic mitochondria.

Chronic/heavy exposure with ethanol is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, due to β-cells dysfunction. It has been reported that ethanol can induce oxidative stress directly or indirectly by involvement of mitochondria. We aimed to explore the protective effects of the crocin/gallic acid/L-alliin as natural antioxidants separately on ethanol-induced mitochondrial damage.

Use of STOP-BANG Questionnaire to Predict Postoperative Respiratory Complications after Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder associated with multisystem organ involvement. The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a short and valid questionnaire used to screen OSA. This study aimed to investigate the ability of the STOP-BANG questionnaire to predict postoperative OSA- related respiratory complications in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Inducing Neural Fate: The Impact of Phenylacetate and Calcium on Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation.

Introduction: Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are considered a promising source for cell replacement therapy in degenerative and traumatic conditions. This study explores the effects of phenylacetate and calcium on the neural differentiation of hADSCs for regenerative medicine. We assessed cell viability and cytotoxicity using the MTT assay, revealing that treatment with 1μM phenylacetate significantly enhanced cell viability compared to control groups over five days, while higher concentrations resulted in cytotoxic effects.

Preparation of gallic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and their chemoprotective effects on N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced hepatotoxicity and mortality in rats.

N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) as n-nitrosamine and alkylating agent, ubiquitous within living cells and in the environment can act as a full carcinogen and induce tumor formation in various tissues such as liver. In this study, gallic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GANPs) were synthesized and evaluated for their chemopreventive effect against ENU-induced hepatotoxicity and mortality in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups including: control, ENU (single doses of 50 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection), GA + ENU and GANPs + ENU.

Formulation and Evaluation of Valproic Acid Microemulsions for Enhanced Transfollicular Delivery in Guinea Pig Skin.

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is used to treat various neurological and psychiatric conditions. While oral VPA can cause hair loss, topical application has shown potential for hair regeneration. This study aimed to develop and evaluate microemulsion (ME) formulations of VPA for enhanced transfollicular delivery.