Representation of Hispanic Patients in Clinical Trials for Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Hispanic individuals comprise one-fifth of the U.S. population and Hispanic patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) experience higher odds of death compared with non-Hispanic White patients.

Three Underused Statistical Methods in Social Epidemiology: Multiple Informant Models, Fractional Regression, and Restricted Mean Survival Time.

We recommend three well-established yet underused statistical methods in social epidemiology: Multiple Informant Models (MIMs), Fractional Regression Model (FRM), and Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST). MIMs improve how we identify critical windows of exposure over time. FRM addresses the inadequacies of ordinary least squares and logistic regression when dealing with fractional outcomes that are naturally proportions or rates, thereby accommodating data at the boundaries of the unit interval without requiring transformations.

Mammalian hydroxylation of microbiome-derived obesogen, delta-valerobetaine, to homocarnitine, a 5-carbon carnitine analog.

The recently discovered microbiome-generated obesogen, δ-valerobetaine (5-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate), is a 5-carbon structural analog of the carnitine precursor, γ-butyrobetaine. Here, we report that δ-valerobetaine is enzymatically hydroxylated by mammalian γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX) to form 3-hydroxy-5-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate, a 5-carbon analog of carnitine, which we term homocarnitine. Homocarnitine production by human liver extracts depends upon the required BBOX cofactors, 2-oxoglutarate, Fe, and ascorbate.

Structural dynamics and binding of Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan-extending lipid binding protein-3 to polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Intracellular lipid binding proteins (iLBPs) play crucial roles in lipid transport and cellular metabolism across the animal kingdom. Recently, a fat-to-neuron axis was described in Caenorhabditis elegans, in which lysosomal activity in the fat liberates polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that signal to neurons and extend lifespan with durable fecundity. In this study, we investigate the structure and binding mechanisms of a lifespan-extending lipid chaperone, lipid binding protein-3 (LBP-3), which shuttles dihomo-γ-linolenic (DGLA) acid from intestinal fat to neurons.

Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of Current Guidelines.

Primary neuroendocrine tumor of the breast is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma that most commonly affects postmenopausal women in their sixth or seventh decade of life. We report a case of a 52-year-old female who presented to our clinic with concerns about a self-palpable mass involving her left breast that had not been detected on a routine mammogram five months prior. Upon clinical exam and diagnostic workup comprising imaging, a tissue biopsy, and immunostaining, she was found to have primary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast with necrosis.