Luminal breast epithelial cells of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers and noncarriers harbor common breast cancer copy number alterations.

The prevalence and nature of somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) in breast epithelium and their role in tumor initiation and evolution remain poorly understood. Using single-cell DNA sequencing (49,238 cells) of epithelium from BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers or wild-type individuals, we identified recurrent CNAs (for example, 1q-gain and 7q, 10q, 16q and 22q-loss) that are present in a rare population of cells across almost all samples (n = 28). In BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers, these occur before loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of wild-type alleles.

Appropriateness Criteria for Radiation Therapy in the Setting of Presumed Early-Stage Lung Cancer.

Low-dose chest computed tomography imaging for lung cancer screening is revealing increasing numbers of radiographic early-stage lung cancers. This topic discussion describes when a clinical scenario merits radiation therapy without a histologic diagnosis, with an emphasis on pragmatic algorithms in settings without readily available advanced biopsy techniques.

Cluster Assembly Dynamics Drive Fidelity of Planar Cell Polarity Polarization.

The planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway polarizes epithelial cells in the tissue plane by segregating distinct molecular subcomplexes to opposite sides of each cell, where they interact across intercellular junctions to form asymmetric clusters. The role of clustering in this process is unknown. We hypothesized that protein cluster size distributions could be used to infer the underlying molecular dynamics and function of cluster assembly and polarization.

Clinical, Pathologic, and Imaging Variables Associated with Prostate Cancer Detection by PSMA PET/CT and Multiparametric MRI.

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT are complementary imaging modalities used in the presurgical evaluation of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The purpose of this study was to characterize clinically significant PCa (csPCa) detected and not detected by PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI, focusing on tumors detected solely by PSMA PET/CT and overlooked by mpMRI. We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients who underwent both PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI within 3 mo of each other and before radical prostatectomy.