MtDNA genetic diversity and phylogeographic insights into giant domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) breeds: connections between Central Europe and the Middle East.

Humans have selectively bred domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) to create breeds with a diversity of shapes, colors and other attributes. Since Darwin, the domestic pigeon has always been a popular model species for scientific research because of its richness of form, colouration and behaviour. It is believed that the world's squab pigeon industry uses breeds and hybrids from the Mediterranean region.

Realization of an optical nanostructure 4×1 multiplexer based on metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguides.

The optical multiplexer was created at a nanoscale plasmonic structure utilizing the finite element method (FEM) with COMSOL version 5.5 software to enable maximum light confinement, high-speed optical systems, and a tiny structure. The metal-insulator-metal technology at a nanoscale dimension is used for creating the 4×1 multiplexer.

Multiple-input hybrid plasmonic OR logic gate with a nanostructure.

A multiple-input hybrid plasmonic OR logic gate has been constructed, analyzed, and simulated utilizing the finite element method by using the COMSOL software package version 5.5. To realize the suggested three- and four-input hybrid plasmonic OR gate, constructive and destructive interference has been standard among the input ports and control port.

Structure of 4 × 2 optical encoder based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides.

The optical 4×2 encoder is organized with a structure of dimensions 920 ×400 , a resonance wavelength of 1310 nm, and a transmission threshold value of 30%. Based on the finite element method with the COMSOL software package, the proposed hybrid plasmonic encoder has been suggested, analyzed, and simulated, standing on the fundamentals of the constructive and destructive interferences between the light waves. The results were delivered in graphs containing the transmission values versus a wavelength range from 800 to 2000 nm, magnetic field distribution, contrast ratio, modulation depth, and insertion losses.

All-optical design for multiplexer and comparator utilizing hybrid plasmonic waveguides.

Two optical combinational logic circuits, namely a 2×1 multiplexer and a comparator utilized by hybrid plasmonic waveguides, have been designed, analyzed, and simulated standing on the finite element method (FEM) with a COMSOL software package version 5.5. Transmission at the output port versus a wavelength range from 800 to 2000 nm, the contrast ratio, the modulation depth, and the insertion loss are the aspects used to estimate the circuits' functionality.