Data-driven artificial and spiking neural networks for inverse kinematics in neurorobotics.

Inverse kinematics is fundamental for computational motion planning. It is used to derive an appropriate state in a robot's configuration space, given a target position in task space. In this work, we investigate the performance of fully connected and residual artificial neural networks as well as recurrent, learning-based, and deep spiking neural networks for conventional and geometrically constrained inverse kinematics.

LiDAR-driven spiking neural network for collision avoidance in autonomous driving.

Facilitated by advances in real-time sensing, low and high-level control, and machine learning, autonomous vehicles draw ever-increasing attention from many branches of knowledge. Neuromorphic (brain-inspired) implementation of robotic control has been shown to outperform conventional control paradigms in terms of energy efficiency, robustness to perturbations, and adaptation to varying conditions. Here we propose LiDAR-driven neuromorphic control of both vehicle's speed and steering.

Neuromorphic NEF-Based Inverse Kinematics and PID Control.

Neuromorphic implementation of robotic control has been shown to outperform conventional control paradigms in terms of robustness to perturbations and adaptation to varying conditions. Two main ingredients of robotics are inverse kinematic and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. Inverse kinematics is used to compute an appropriate state in a robot's configuration space, given a target position in task space.

[Surgical treatment of cranioorbital injuries combined with brain trauma].

Cranioorbital injuries (COI) are combined with brain trauma in 45-53% of patients and in 21--24% of cases require surgical treatment. Aim of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of patients with COI in acute period of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Among 4078 patients with TBI admitted to neurosurgical department of Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine, 428 (10,5%) had COI.

[Plastic closure of anterior fossa with simultaneous reconstruction of superior and middle facial zones].

The article describes surgical treatment of a patient with traumatic brain injury combined with anterior fossa defect, CSF leak, bony fractures of superior and middle facial zones. Multidisciplinary surgical team including neurosurgeon, maxillofacial surgeon and ophthalmologist performed single-step operation which consisted of skull base defect closure, cranialization of frontal sinus and reconstruction of its anterior wall by titanium mesh, reposition and fixation of bony fragments of nasoorbital complex, maxilla, surgical fixation of occlusion by cortical screws. The surgery resulted in cessation of CSF leak, restoration of orbital geometry which lead to regression of diplopia and oculomotor disorders.