Emerging threats in Сentral Asia: Comparative characterization of organic and elemental carbon in ambient PM in urban cities of Kazakhstan.

This study (June 2022-July 2023) investigates the atmospheric concentrations of carbonaceous species, including organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), in PM in two major cities in Kazakhstan. Samples were collected from two sites in Almaty (Seifullin and KazNU) and one in Astana. The results showed that Almaty had significantly higher annual average concentrations of OC (10.

The cortisol levels in the follicular and luteal phases of the healthy menstruating women: a meta-analysis.

Objective: The conflicting results of the previous studies regarding the serum cortisol through the menstrual cycle warranted further research. We aimed to detect the cortisol levels in the follicular and luteal phases of healthy menstruating women.

Materials And Methods: A literature search was conducted by two independent authors according to PRISMA criteria over PubMed, Web of Science and Psych-Info to retrieve the articles published in English from 1990 until 2020 and containing the keywords, Cortisol, Menstrual, Follicular, or Luteal.

Screening for Breast, Cervical and Prostate Cancers in Kazakhstan: Key Factors and Psychological Aspects.

Objective: Screening is the main method for early detection and reduction of cancer mortality in all countries, including Central Asia and Kazakhstan. However, there is no official data on the awareness of the population about cancer screening in Kazakhstan. In addition, there were no studies on the psycho-emotional state of the patients during the screening procedure conducted yet.

Comparative study of fatty acid and sterol profiles for the investigation of potential milk fat adulteration.

Milk fat adulteration is a common issue in Central Asia. To assess the current situation in the commercial milk market, 17 milk samples were checked for fatty acid (FA) and sterol profiles to detect potential adulteration using multivariate analysis. Analysis of FA and sterols was performed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection, respectively.

Water Supply Challenges in Rural Areas: A Case Study from Central Kazakhstan.

Rural water supplies have traditionally been overshadowed by urban ones. That must now change, as the Sustainable Development Goals calls for water for all. The objective of the paper is to assess the current access to and the perceived water quality in villages with various types of water supply.